Unit Procedures

A unit procedure in SuperPro Designer is defined as a sequence of actions (called operations) taking place within the same piece of equipment. When modeling a batch process (also known as batch recipe), you may think of a (batch) unit procedure as simply a set of sequential operations (like charge A, charge B, heat, stir, react, transfer out). Since a single unit procedure is represented by a single icon in a flowsheet of SuperPro Designer, you can lump as many or as few operations within a single unit procedure. If you use a single piece of equipment (some kind of vessel most likely) over and over during the execution of a recipe from beginning to end, you could - in principle - represent everything that takes place inside that vessel as a single unit procedure.

Every unit procedure is carried out in some kind of main equipment (Reactor, Fermentor, Diafilter, Nutsche filter, etc.). Clearly, two or more unit procedures can be assigned to take place in the same vessel (you must make sure though, that they are scheduled carefully so that their occupation times do not overlap). The types of operations that can be included in a unit procedure depend on the type of equipment the unit procedure is carried out (Reactor, Diafilter etc.) and the operating mode of the unit procedure (batch or continuous).

When modeling a continuous process (e.g., a wastewater treatment plant), you may think of a (continuous) unit procedure as simply a single unit operation: an aeration basin simply represents a basin that receives flow continuously, processes (reacts) continuously and outputs flow continuously. Since that operation is “on” all the time, a continuous unit procedure cannot share its equipment with any other unit procedure.

As mentioned above, each unit procedure is represented on the flowsheet by an icon. There will be one or more input streams attached to the unit procedure as well as one or more output streams leaving the unit procedure. Any one of the operations in the unit procedure list can access any of the input and/or output streams (provided its model permits it). However, a stream can only be used by an operation in a unit procedure only once. In other words, no two operations can share an input stream or an output stream. Every unit procedure must be assigned a main piece of equipment that hosts the procedure. However, as mentioned in the previous section, in the case of batch processes, several unit procedures can be assigned to use the same host equipment.

Under a unit procedure icon you can see three labels. The first displays the name of the unit procedure, the second the name of the equipment, and the third (displayed on a separate line) represents a short description of the unit procedure. Finally, the look of the procedure's icon (including its labels) is determined by its drawing style. The style of a procedure dictates features like the color of the icon, the type of fonts used for the labels, the appearance or not of each of the labels, etc.

 

We present the various types of unit procedures available in SuperPro Designer in groups that are based on the type of actions they are intended to represent. For each group member, there will be a short description of its purpose and of its hosting equipment resource type. In addition, a comprehensive list of available operations is presented and references to similar procedures are given.

The following procedures are available in SuperPro Designer:

Batch Vessel Procedures

Batch Vessel Procedure in a Reactor

 

Batch Vessel Procedure in a Seed Reactor

 

Batch Vessel Procedure in a Bioreactor*

 

Batch Vessel Procedure in a Seed Bioreactor*

 

Batch Vessel Procedure in a Disposable Bioreactor*

 

Batch Vessel Procedure in a Disposable Seed Bioreactor*

 

Batch Vessel Procedure in a Fermentor*

 

Batch Vessel Procedure in a Seed Fermentor*

 

Batch Vessel Procedure in an Air Lift Fermentor*

Continuous Reaction

Continuous Stoichiometric Reaction Procedure in a CSTR

 

Continuous Stoichiometric Reaction Procedure in a PFR

 

Continuous Stoichiometric Reaction Procedure in a Fermentor*

 

Continuous Stoichiometric Reaction Procedure in a Seed Fermentor*

 

Continuous Stoichiometric Reaction Procedure in an Air Lift Fermentor*

 

Continuous Stoichiometric Reaction Procedure in a Raceway Pond*

 

Continuous Stoichiometric Reaction Procedure in an Electrowinning Cell*

 

Continuous Kinetic Reaction Procedure in a CSTR

 

Continuous Kinetic Reaction Procedure in a PFR

 

Continuous Kinetic Reaction Procedure in a Fermentor*

 

Continuous Kinetic Reaction Procedure in a Seed Fermentor*

 

Continuous Equilibrium Reaction (in a CSTR)

 

Stoichiometric Well-Mixed (WM) Aerobic Bio-Oxidation Procedure

 

Plug-Flow (PF) Stoichiometric Aerobic Bio-Oxidation Procedure

 

Stoichiometric Anaerobic Digestion Procedure

 

Trickling Filtration Procedure

 

Stoichiometric Anoxic Reaction Procedure

 

Neutralization Procedure

 

Wet Air Oxidation Procedure

 

Incineration Procedure

 

UV Radiation Procedure

 

Kinetic Well-Mixed (WM) Aerobic Bio-Oxidation Procedure

 

Kinetic Plug-Flow (PF) Aerobic Bio-Oxidation Procedure

 

Kinetic Anaerobic Digestion Procedure

 

Kinetic Anoxic Reaction Procedure

Inoculum Preparation

Inoculum Preparation Procedure in a Rocking Bioreactor

 

Inoculum Preparation Procedure in a Roller Bottle

 

Inoculum Preparation Procedure in a T-Flask

 

Inoculum Preparation Procedure in a Shake Flask

 

Inoculum Preparation Procedure in a Test Tube

Filtration

Microfiltration (Batch) Procedure*

 

Microfiltration (Feed and Bleed) Procedure

 

Ultrafiltration (Batch) Procedure*

 

Ultrafiltration (Feed and Bleed) Procedure

 

Reverse Osmosis (Batch) Procedure*

 

Reverse Osmosis (Feed and Bleed) Procedure

 

Diafiltration Procedure*

 

Dead End Filtration Procedure*

 

Nutsche Filtration Procedure*

 

Plate and Frame Filtration Procedure

 

Rotary Vacuum Filtration Procedure

 

Air Filtration Procedure

 

Belt Filtration Procedure

 

Screw Press Filtration Procedure

 

Granular Media (GM) Filtration Procedure

 

Baghouse Filtration Procedure

 

Electrostatic Precipitation Procedure

Centrifugation

Centrifugation in a Decanter Procedure

 

Centrifugation in a Disk-Stack Centrifuge Procedure*

 

Centrifugation in a Bowl Centrifuge Procedure*

 

Centrifugation in a Centritech Centrifuge Procedure*

 

Centrifugation in a Basket Centrifuge (Top Discharge) Procedure*

 

Centrifugation in a Basket Centrifuge (Bottom Discharge) Procedure*

 

Centrifugation in a Gas Cyclone Procedure

 

Centrifugation in a Hydrocyclone Procedure*

 

Centrifugation Procedure in a Centrifugal Sieve*

Homogenization/ Milling

High Pressure Homogenization Procedure*

 

Bead Milling Procedure*

 

Nano-Milling Procedure*

Chromatography/ Absorption

Gel Filtration Procedure

 

Packed Bed Adsorption (PBA) Chromatography Procedure (Simplified)*

 

Packed Bed Adsorption (PBA) Chromatography Procedure (Detailed) in Bind-and-Elute Mode*

 

Packed Bed Adsorption (PBA) Chromatography Procedure (Detailed) in Flow-Through Mode*

 

Expanded Bed Adsorption (EBA) Chromatography Procedure*

 

Membrane Adsorption Procedure in Flow-Through Mode*

 

Membrane Adsorption Procedure in Bind-and-Elute Mode*

 

SMB Chromatography (Short-Cut) Procedure

 

Ion Exchange Procedure (for Demineralization)

 

Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) Adsorption Procedure (for Liquid Streams)

 

Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) Adsorption Procedure (for Gaseous Streams)

Drying / Granulation

Tray Drying Procedure*

 

Freeze Drying Procedure*

 

Freeze Drying Procedure (Discrete)*

 

Double Cone Drying Procedure*

 

Cone Screw Drying Procedure*

 

Sphere Drying Procedure*

 

Drying-Granulation Procedure*

 

Spray Drying Procedure*

 

Fluid Bed Drying Procedure*

 

Drum Drying Procedure*

 

Rotary Drying Procedure*

 

Sludge Drying Procedure

Sedimentation

Decanting Procedure

 

Clarification Procedure

 

Inclined Plate (IP) Clarification Procedure

 

Thickening Procedure

 

Flotation Procedure

 

Oil Separation Procedure

Distillation

Batch Distillation Procedure*

 

Continuous (Short-Cut) Distillation Procedure*

 

Continuous (Rigorous) Distillation Procedure*

Extraction

Mixer-Settler Extraction Procedure*

 

Differential Extraction Procedure*

 

Centrifugal Extraction Procedure*

 

Solids Leaching Procedure*

Phase Change

Flash Evaporation Procedure*

 

Condensation Procedure*

 

Thin Film Evaporation Procedure*

 

Multi-Effect Evaporation Procedure*

 

Continuous Cooling Crystallization Procedure*

Absorption / Stripping

Absorption Procedure

 

Stripping Procedure

 

Degasification Procedure

Storage / Blending

Batch Storage in a Blending Tank Procedure

 

Batch Storage in a Flat Bottom Tank Procedure

 

Batch Storage in a Receiver Tank Procedure

 

Batch Storage in a Horizontal Tank Procedure

 

Batch Storage in a Vertical-on-Legs Tank Procedure

 

Batch Storage in a Drum Procedure

 

Batch Storage in a Drum Procedure

 

Batch Storage in a Tote Procedure

 

Batch Storage in a Silo (for Bulk Solids) Procedure*

 

Batch Storage in a Bin (for Bulk Solids) Procedure*

 

Batch Storage in a Drum (for Bulk Solids) Procedure*

 

Batch Storage in a Tote (for Bulk Solids) Procedure*

 

Continuous Storage in a Blending Tank Procedure

 

Continuous Storage in a Flat Bottom Tank Procedure

 

Continuous Storage in a Receiver Tank Procedure

 

Continuous Storage in a Horizontal Tank Procedure

 

Continuous Storage in a Vertical-on-Legs Tank Procedure

 

Continuous Storage in a Drum Procedure

 

Continuous Storage in a Drum Procedure

 

Continuous Storage in a Tote Procedure

 

Continuous Storage in a Silo (for Bulk Solids) Procedure*

 

Continuous Storage in a Hopper (for Bulk Solids) Procedure*

 

Continuous Storage in a Bin (for Bulk Solids) Procedure*

 

Continuous Storage in a Drum (for Bulk Solids) Procedure*

 

Continuous Storage in a Tote (for Bulk Solids) Procedure*

 

Equalization Procedure

 

Junction Box Mixing Procedure

 

Batch Storage in a Bin (Discrete) Procedure

 

Batch Storage in a Drum (Discrete) Procedure

 

Batch Storage in a Tote (Discrete) Procedure

 

Batch Storage on a Rack (Discrete) Procedure

 

Batch Storage on a Tray (Discrete) Procedure

 

Batch Storage in a Disposable Generic Container Procedure

 

Batch Storage in a Disposable Large Bag (on a Skid) Procedure

Heat Exchange

Heating Procedure

 

Electric Heating Procedure

 

Cooling Procedure

 

Electric Cooling Procedure

 

Heat Exchanging Procedure

 

Cooling in a Cooling Tower Procedure

 

Heat Sterilization Procedure*

 

Pasteurization Procedure*

 

Frying Procedure

 

Freezing-Thawing Procedure*

 

Freezing-Thawing (Discrete) Procedure*

Mixing

2-Stream Mixing (Bulk Flow) Procedure

 

3-Stream Mixing (Bulk Flow) Procedure

 

4-Stream Mixing (Bulk Flow) Procedure

 

5-Stream Mixing (Bulk Flow) Procedure

 

6-Stream Mixing (Bulk Flow) Procedure

 

7-Stream Mixing (Bulk Flow) Procedure

 

8-Stream Mixing (Bulk Flow) Procedure

 

9-Stream Mixing (Bulk Flow) Procedure

 

Custom Mixing Procedure

 

Flow Adjusting Procedure

 

Mixture Preparation Procedure

 

Mixing In a Batch Tumble Mixer Procedure*

 

2-Stream Mixing (Discrete Flow) Procedure*

 

3-Stream Mixing (Discrete Flow) Procedure*

 

4-Stream Mixing (Discrete Flow) Procedure*

 

5-Stream Mixing (Discrete Flow) Procedure*

 

6-Stream Mixing (Discrete Flow) Procedure*

 

7-Stream Mixing (Discrete Flow) Procedure*

 

8-Stream Mixing (Discrete Flow) Procedure*

 

9-Stream Mixing (Discrete Flow) Procedure*

Splitting

2-Way Flow Splitting (Bulk Flow) Procedure

 

3-Way Flow Splitting (Bulk Flow) Procedure

 

4-Way Flow Splitting (Bulk Flow) Procedure

 

5-Way Flow Splitting (Bulk Flow) Procedure

 

6-Way Flow Splitting (Bulk Flow) Procedure

 

7-Way Flow Splitting (Bulk Flow) Procedure

 

8-Way Flow Splitting (Bulk Flow) Procedure

 

9-Way Flow Splitting (Bulk Flow) Procedure

 

Custom Flow Splitting (Bulk Flow) Procedure

 

3-Way Flow Distribution Procedure

 

5-Way Flow Distribution Procedure

 

10-Way Flow Distribution Procedure

 

2-Way Flow Splitting (Discrete Flow) Procedure*

 

3-Way Flow Splitting (Discrete Flow) Procedure*

 

4-Way Flow Splitting (Discrete Flow) Procedure*

 

5-Way Flow Splitting (Discrete Flow) Procedure*

 

6-Way Flow Splitting (Discrete Flow) Procedure*

 

7-Way Flow Splitting (Discrete Flow) Procedure*

 

8-Way Flow Splitting (Discrete Flow) Procedure*

 

9-Way Flow Splitting (Discrete Flow) Procedure*

 

2-Way Component Splitting Procedure

 

3-Way Component Splitting Procedure

 

4-Way Component Splitting Procedure

 

5-Way Component Splitting Procedure

 

6-Way Component Splitting Procedure

 

7-Way Component Splitting Procedure

 

8-Way Component Splitting Procedure

 

9-Way Component Splitting Procedure

 

Screening in a Stationary Screen Procedure

 

Screening in a Vibrating Screen Procedure

Washing

Bulk Washing Procedure*

 

Discrete Washing Procedure*

Size Reduction

Grinding (Bulk Flow) Procedure*

 

Grinding (Discrete Flow) Procedure*

 

Shredding (Bulk Flow) Procedure*

 

Shredding (Discrete Flow) Procedure*

Formulation & Packaging

Extrusion Procedure*

 

Blow Molding Procedure*

 

Injection Molding Procedure*

 

Trimming Procedure*

 

Filling Procedure*

 

Assembly Procedure*

 

Printing Procedure*

 

Labeling Procedure*

 

Boxing Procedure*

 

Tableting (General) Procedure*

 

Tableting (Pharma) Procedure*

 

Tablet Coating Procedure*

Transport (near)

Pumping by a Centrifugal Pump Procedure

 

Pumping by a Diaphragm Pump Procedure

 

Pumping by a Gear Pump Procedure

 

Pumping by a Peristaltic Pump Procedure

 

Compression in a Centrifugal Compressor Procedure

 

Gas Transport by Centrifugal Fan Procedure

 

Pumping by a Vacuum Pump Procedure

 

Solids Transport by Belt Conveyor Procedure*

 

Discrete Transport by Belt Conveyor Procedure*

 

Solids Transport by Pneumatic Conveyor Procedure*

 

Discrete Transport by Pneumatic Conveyor Procedure*

 

Solids Transport by Screw Conveyor Procedure*

 

Discrete Transport by Screw Conveyor Procedure*

 

Solids Transport by Bucket Elevator Procedure*

 

Discrete Transport by Bucket Elevator Procedure

Transport (far)

Transport by Truck (Bulk Flow) Procedure*

 

Transport by Truck (Discrete Flow) Procedure*

 

Transport by Train Procedure*

 

Transport by Sea Procedure*

 

Transport by Air Procedure*

Pressure Drop (Valves)

Liquid Pressure Drop in a Gate Valve Procedure

 

Liquid Pressure Drop in a Globe Valve Procedure

 

Liquid Pressure Drop in a Butterfly Valve Procedure

 

Gas Pressure Drop in a Gate Valve Procedure

 

Gas Pressure Drop in a Globe Valve Procedure

 

Gas Pressure Drop in a Butterfly Valve Procedure

Power Generation

Power Generation in a Straight Flow Steam Turbine-Generator Procedure*

 

Power Generation in an Extraction Steam Turbine-Generator Procedure*

 

Power Generation in a Gas Expander-Generator Procedure*

 

Power Generation in a Gas Turbine-Generator Procedure*

 

Power Generation in an IC-Engine-Generator Procedure*

 

Steam Generation Procedure*

 

Gasification Procedure*

 

Gasification Procedure*

 

Power Generation in a Fuel Cell Procedure*

Generic Boxes

Continuous 1x1 Pass Through Generic Box Procedure

 

Continuous 1x1 Reaction in a Generic Box Procedure

 

Continuous 1x2 Reaction/Separation Generic Box Procedure

 

Continuous 2x2 Reaction/Separation Generic Box Procedure

 

Continuous 3x2 Reaction/Separation Generic Box Procedure

 

Batch 1x1 Generic Box Procedure

 

Batch 3x3 Generic Box Procedure

 

Batch 5x5 Generic Box Procedure

 

Batch 10x10 Generic Box Procedure

 

Discrete Pass-Through Generic Box Procedure*

 

Discrete Pass-Through / Bulk Separation Generic Box Procedure*

 

Bulk to Discrete Generic Box Procedure*

 

Discrete to Bulk Generic Box Procedure*

Design Spec

Design Spec (Flow) Procedure

 

Design Spec (Composition) Procedure

 

Design Spec (Temperature) Procedure

(*) These procedures are not available in EnviroPro Designer.