Batch Heating

General Description

This operation is used to heat the contents of a vessel using a heating agent or electricity.

Unit Procedure Availability

●      Batch Vessel Procedure in a Reactor

●      Batch Vessel Procedure in a Seed Reactor

●      Batch Vessel Procedure in a Bioreactor

●      Batch Vessel Procedure in a Seed Bioreactor

●      Batch Vessel Procedure in a Disposable Bioreactor

●      Batch Vessel Procedure in a Disposable Seed Bioreactor

●      Batch Vessel Procedure in a Fermentor

●      Batch Vessel Procedure in a Seed Fermentor

●      Batch Vessel Procedure in a Disposable Bioreactor

●      Inoculum Preparation Procedure in a Rocking Bioreactor

●      Inoculum Preparation Procedure in a Roller Bottle

●      Inoculum Preparation Procedure in a T-Flask

●      Inoculum Preparation Procedure in a Shake Flask

●      Inoculum Preparation Procedure in a Test Tube

●      Batch Storage in a Blending Tank Procedure

●      Batch Storage in a Flat Bottom Tank Procedure

●      Batch Storage in a Receiver Tank Procedure

●      Batch Storage in a Horizontal Tank Procedure

●      Batch Storage in a Vertical-on-Legs Tank Procedure

●      Batch Storage in a Drum Procedure

●      Batch Storage in a Disposable Generic Container Procedure

●      Batch Storage in a Disposable Large Bag (on a Skid) Procedure

●      Batch 1x1 Generic Box Procedure

●      Batch 3x3 Generic Box Procedure

●      Batch 5x5 Generic Box Procedure

●      Batch 10x10 Generic Box Procedure

Material Inputs / Outputs

The operation uses material as found in the host vessel at the end of the previous operation (if any). The results of the operation are left as the equipment contents at the end of the operation.

Batch Heating: Modeling Calculations

Several heating options are available in this model, using a heat transfer agent or electricity. If electricity is used for heating, the heating rate is assumed to be constant and the user can choose between setting the heating time or the heating rate. If a heating transfer agent is used an additional option for setting an exponential type of heating rate is also available (indirect heating).

This operation may result in VOC emissions if volatile compounds are present in the vessel; for more details, see Chapter 10  (Emissions).

Heating Time

In the case of a constant heating rate (dT/dt), the following equation is used to calculate either the heating rate or the process time (t_p):

where ΔT = T₁ - T₀ is the final state temperature minus the initial.

If an exponential heating rate is selected, then the user sets the overall UA (kcal/h-°C) and the process time is calculated by the following equation:

where T_H is the inlet temperature of the heating agent, T₀, T₁ are the initial and final temperature of the vessel contents, respectively and MC_p is a collective term representing the sum of the vessel contents and equipment heat capacity (kcal/°C).

Energy Balance

For all heating types the heating agent is not ignored, the average heat transfer rate (Q) or power (P) is calculated using the following equations:

where η is the heating efficiency.

Equipment Sizing

See Batch Vessel Operations: Equipment Sizing.

Vacuum Pump Power Consumption

See Vacuum Pump Auxiliary Equipment Calculations.

Batch Heating: Interface

The interface of this operation has the following tabs:

●      Oper. Cond’s, see Batch Heating: Oper. Conds Tab

●      Volumes, see Batch Vessel Operations: Volumes Tab

●      Vent/Emissions, see Vessel Operations: Vent/Emissions Tab

●      Labor, etc, see Operations Dialog: Labor etc. Tab

●      Description, see Operations Dialog: Description Tab

●      Batch Sheet, see Operations Dialog: Batch Sheet Tab

●      Scheduling, see Operations Dialog: Scheduling Tab