Batch Vaporization / Solvent Switch

General Description

This unit operation model simulates batch evaporation / solvent switch in a stirred vessel. Batch evaporation (also known as single-stage batch distillation) is common in the pharmaceutical industries for removing solvents and concentrating solutions.

Unit Procedure Availability

      Batch Vessel Procedure in a Reactor

      Batch Vessel Procedure in a Seed Reactor

      Batch Vessel Procedure in a Bioreactor

      Batch Vessel Procedure in a Seed Bioreactor

      Batch Vessel Procedure in a Disposable Bioreactor

      Batch Vessel Procedure in a Disposable Seed Bioreactor

      Batch Vessel Procedure in a Fermentor

      Batch Vessel Procedure in a Seed Fermentor

      Batch Vessel Procedure in a Disposable Bioreactor

      Inoculum Preparation Procedure in a Rocking Bioreactor

      Inoculum Preparation Procedure in a Roller Bottle

      Inoculum Preparation Procedure in a T-Flask

      Inoculum Preparation Procedure in a Shake Flask

      Inoculum Preparation Procedure in a Test Tube

      Batch 3x3 Generic Box Procedure

      Batch 5x5 Generic Box Procedure

      Batch 10x10 Generic Box Procedure

Batch Vaporization / Solvent Switch: Modeling Calculations

Material Balances

A component is set as volatile if its ‘Include’ box is checked in the Evaporation Data table that exists in the ‘Mat. Balance’ tab. The user can choose to specify either the evaporation percentages or the relative evaporation fractions of volatile components. A component’s relative evaporation fraction is calculated by dividing the evaporation percentage f that component by the maximum evaporation percentage of all volatile components.

If relative mass evaporations are specified, the user must also specify a measure of evaporation. In Concentration mode, any one of the following variables can be specified: (a) final liquid volume, (b) evaporation volume, (c) concentration factor, or (d) final concentration of a key component. In Solvent Switch mode, the replacement solvent volume (i.e., the volume of the Solvent Switch stream per batch cycle and per equipment unit) must be specified.

Energy Balances

The heating requirement is calculated based on the Average Heat of Vaporization and the flowrate of the vapor stream. The average heat of vaporization can be either provided by the user or calculated as the mass-weighted sum of the heats of vaporization of all volatile components at the final temperature. The heating duty for raising the feed streams to the vaporization temperature is also considered.

Evaporation Time

The evaporation time is either specified by the user or calculated by the program based on the evaporation rate. The user always specifies the evaporation setup time.

Equipment Sizing

See Batch Vessel Operations: Equipment Sizing.

Vacuum Pump Power Consumption

See Vacuum Pump Auxiliary Equipment Calculations.

References

1.   McCabe W. L., J. C. Smith, and P. Harriott. (1993). Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering, McGraw-Hill.

2.   Kern D. Q (1965). Process Heat Transfer, McGraw-Hill.

3.   Coulson J. M. and J. F. Richardson, (1978). Chemical Engineering, 2, Pergamon Press.

Batch Vaporization / Solvent Switch: Interface

The interface of this operation has the following tabs:

      Oper. Cond’s, see Batch Vaporization / Solvent Switch: Oper. Conds Tab

      Volumes, see Batch Vessel Operations: Volumes Tab

      Mat. Balance, see Batch Vaporization / Solvent Switch: Mat. Balance Tab (Concentration Mode) and Batch Vaporization / Solvent Switch: Mat. Balance Tab (Solvent Switch Mode)

      Labor, etc, see Operations Dialog: Labor etc. Tab

      Description, see Operations Dialog: Description Tab

      Batch Sheet, see Operations Dialog: Batch Sheet Tab

      Scheduling, see Operations Dialog: Scheduling Tab